澎湖民宿.夏天來了民宿: [澎湖民宿。夏天來了民宿] The Clatter of Clogs　　叩叩叩！荷蘭木鞋來也

		每週四出刊.2009.05.14
	常春藤解析英語

本期目錄

簡介/舊報明細

•The Clatter of Clogs　　叩叩叩！荷蘭木鞋來也
•原來如此
•精解字詞片語
•單字小舖
•片語小舖

飛機如何抵擋「天打雷劈」？
科學新知大發現∼

•中文翻譯＆標準答案
•活動快報

文意選填

The Clatter of Clogs　　叩叩叩！荷蘭木鞋來也

These distinctive Dutch shoes were first worn for practicality.
獨特的荷蘭木鞋原是實用性極高的工具鞋。

　　The Dutch are the most notable group of people to have worn clogs (木鞋) even though these interesting and useful shoes were very popular throughout Europe. Farmers, miners, factory workers, and others who needed to protect their feet while on the job were the first ones to _(1)_ wooden clogs. Clogs were comfortable to walk and work in, and their sturdy structure prevented _(2)_. In addition, clogs were _(3)_ in keeping feet dry and clean. Most clogs were made of alder, birch, sycamore, willow, or beech wood, and they were usually worn _(4)_, with thick pieces of straw often put inside to add cushioning for the feet. The Dutch style of wooden clogs was used in England, Belgium, and France. Sweden is recognized for its clogs as well, but its style differs from _(5)_ of the Netherlands.
　　Because they were made of cheaper materials, wooden clogs were seen as _(6)_ footwear, limiting their use. However, "dress-up" clogs were then created at one point because wearers enjoyed them so much. This meant a person had one pair of clogs for work and everyday use, and another pair that was worn for _(7)_ activities like festivals. Up until the 1910s, clogs were chiefly made _(8)_.
　　Wooden clog wearers came to enjoy the sound the shoes made on stone streets so much that clog dancing, which _(9)_ the British Isles, was created. Dancers used different methods to create contrasting sounds, such as dancing on wooden platforms and adding metal to the _(10)_ of the clogs. Clog dancing led to the creation of tap dancing after it was introduced to North America. Traditional Dutch clogs are popular with tourists in the Netherlands and are still worn by gardeners and farmers around the world.
(A) lower-class　(B) barefooted　(C) bottom　(D) that　(E) put on　(F) by hand　(G) effective　(H) injuries　(I) social　(J) originated in

原來如此

1. Farmers, miners, factory workers, and others who needed to protect their feet while on the job were the first ones to put on wooden clogs.
理由:
a. 空格前有不定詞 to，其後有名詞詞組 wooden clogs（木鞋），可知空格內應置入原形的及物動詞或及物片語動詞。
b. 符合上述的選項有 (C) bottom（在……上裝底）及 (E) put on（穿上，戴上），惟 put on 置入後符合語意，故選 (E)。
c. put on...　　穿上／戴上……
take off...　　脫掉……
例: You should put on a raincoat before going out in the storm.
（要在暴風雨時出門應該先穿上雨衣。）

2. Clogs were comfortable to walk and work in, and their sturdy structure prevented injuries.
理由:
a. 空格前有及物動詞 prevented（防止，預防），可知空格內應置入名詞或代名詞作其受詞。
b. 符合上述的選項有 (C) bottom（底部）、(D) that（那個人／事物）及 (H) injuries（傷害），然僅 (H) 置入後符合語意，表這些堅固耐穿的鞋子能防止『受傷』，故選 (H)。
c. injury n. 傷害

3. In addition, clogs were effective in keeping feet dry and clean.
理由:
a. 空格前有 be 動詞 were，其後有介詞詞組 in keeping feet dry and clean（保持雙腳乾燥清爽），可知空格應置入形容詞或分詞。
b. 符合上述的選項有 (A) lower-class（下層階級的）、(B) barefooted（赤腳的）、(G) effective（有效的）以及 (I) social（社交的），然僅 (G) 置入後符合語意，表木鞋也能『有效』保持雙腳乾燥清爽，故選 (G)。
c. effective a. 有效的
例: The new drug is effective for the treatment of heart diseases.
（這種新藥對治療心臟疾病很有效。）

4. Most clogs were made of alder, birch, sycamore, willow, or beech wood, and they were usually worn barefooted, ...
理由:
a. 空格前為一完整的句構 they were usually worn（它們通常被穿著），可知空格內應置入副詞修飾句中動詞 worn。
b. 選項中可作副詞的有 (B) barefooted（赤腳地）及 (F) by hand（手工地），然僅 (B) 置入後符合語意，表人們通常會『赤腳』穿上木鞋，可知應選 (B)。
c. barefooted adv. 赤腳地
例: The couple walked barefooted along the beach as the sun set.
（日落時，那對情侶赤腳沿著沙灘散步。）

5. Sweden is recognized for its clogs as well, but its style differs from that of the Netherlands.
理由:
a. 本空格測試下列固定用法：
在英文句子中，前面出現過的名詞之後若再提到，為避免重複，需改用 that 與 those；that 代替單數名詞，those 則代替複數名詞。
例: Jack's salary is comparable to that of a senior engineer.
（傑克的薪水不輸一位高級工程師。）
例: Students of this school study harder than those at that school.
（這所學校的學生比那所學校的學生用功。）
b. 空格前的 style（風格）為單數名詞，根據上述，故選 (D)。

6. Because they were made of cheaper materials, wooden clogs were seen as lower-class footwear, limiting their use.
理由:
a. 空格後有名詞 footwear（鞋類），可知空格內應填入可修飾名詞的形容詞。
b. 符合上述的選項有 (A) lower-class（下層階級的）以及 (I) social（社交的），然僅 (A) 置入後符合語意，表木鞋以往都是用較便宜的材質所製成，所以曾被視為『低下階層的』人才會穿的鞋，故選 (A)。
c. lower-class a. 下層階級的

7. ..., and another pair that was worn for social activities like festivals.
理由:
a. 空格後有名詞 activities（活動），可知空格內應填入可修飾名詞的形容詞。
b. 選項中為形容詞的僅剩 (I) social（社交的），置入後亦符合語意，social activities 表『社交活動』，可知 (I) 為正選。
c. social a. 社交的；社會的

8. Up until the 1910s, clogs were chiefly made by hand.
理由:
a. 空格前為一完整的句構 clogs were chiefly made（木鞋大多被製成），可知應置入副詞修飾句中動詞 made。
b. 選項中可作副詞的僅剩 (F) by hand（手工地），置入後亦符合語意，表直到 1910 年代，木鞋大多都還是『手工』製作的，可知 (F) 為正選。
c. by hand　　以手工（製造）地
by machine　　以機器（製造）地
例: This store sells bags that are made by hand.
（這家店販賣手工包包。）
例: Things made by hand are usually more expensive than those made by machine.
（手工製作的東西通常要比機器做的貴。）

9. Wooden clogs wearers came to enjoy the sound the shoes made on stone streets so much that clog dancing, which originated in the British Isles, was created.
理由:
a. 空格前的關係代名詞 which 為形容詞子句中的主詞，而空格後則為受詞 the British Isles（不列顛群島），可知空格內應置入及物動詞或及物片語動詞。
b. 符合上述的選項僅剩 (J) originated in（源自於），置入後亦符合語意，表『發源自』不列顛群島的木鞋舞因此被創造出來，故選 (J)。
c. originate in + 地方　　起源／源自於某地
例: I heard that British milk tea actually originated in Mongolia.
（我聽說英國的奶茶實際上是源自於蒙古。）

10. ..., such as dancing on wooden platforms and adding metal to the bottom of the clogs.
理由:
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the，其後有介詞詞組 of the clogs（木鞋的），可知空格內應置入名詞。
b. 選項僅剩 (C) bottom（底部），置入後亦符合語意，表在木造平台上跳舞或是在木鞋『底部』加上金屬片，可知應選 (C)。
c. bottom n. 底部，底層
from the bottom of one's heart　　（某人）誠懇地，由衷地
例:　I'd like to apologize to you from the bottom of my heart.
（我誠心誠意地對你道歉。）

精解字詞片語

1. notable a. 著名的，引人矚目的
例: John has written a lot of novels, but the most notable one is about war.
（約翰寫過許多小說，但最著名的一本內容與戰爭有關。）

2. differ from...　　和……不同，不同於……
= be different from...
例: Gina's personality differs from her twin sister's.
（吉娜的個性和她的雙生姊妹迥異。）

3. be seen as...　　被視為……
= be viewed/regarded as...
= be looked upon/thought of as...
例: Doctor Harris is seen as a leader in his field of medicine.
（哈瑞斯醫生在他的醫學領域中被視為龍頭。）

4. dress-up a. 精心裝扮的；穿著正式的
dress up　　盛裝打扮
例: It's a formal party, so you'll have to dress up.
（那是正式的派對，因此你必須盛裝出席。）

5. chiefly adv. 主要地
= mainly adv.
例: The boy became ill chiefly because of his bad eating habits.
（那男孩會生病主要是因為飲食習慣不良。）

6. contrasting a. 形成鮮明對比的
contrast vt. 使對比，使對照 & n. 對比，對照
contrast A with B　　將 A 與 B 做對照
by contrast　　相對之下
= in contrast
例: After contrasting the prices here with those at the other store, I made my purchase.
（對照這裡和其他家商店的價格後，我才買了東西。）
例: This draft, by contrast, is much easier to understand than the earlier version.
（相對之下，這次的草稿寫得比上一個版本容易理解。）

7. be introduced to + 地方　　引進某地
例: The idea of chain stores was introduced to Taiwan for the first time in 1986.
（連鎖商店的概念於 1986 年首次被引進到台灣。）

單字小舖

1. clatter n. 叩叩聲，硬物撞擊聲
2. clog n. 木鞋
3. miner n. 礦工
4. sturdy a. 堅固的，耐用的
5. alder n. 赤楊
6. birch n. 樺木
7. sycamore n. 美國梧桐
8. willow n. 柳樹
9. beech wood n. 山毛（櫸）木材
10. cushioning n. 緩衝
cushion vt. 緩衝 & n. 緩衝物；墊子
11. footwear n. 鞋類
12. platform n. 平台
13. tap dancing n. 踢躂舞

片語小舖

1. on the job　　在工作中
2. at one point　　在某個時間
3. add A to B　　把 A 加進 B
4. be popular with/among... 在……中很普及／受到歡迎

中文翻譯＆標準答案

雖然有趣實用的木鞋在歐洲各地都相當普遍，但荷蘭人還是其中穿木鞋最出名的民族。農夫、礦工、工廠工人以及其他工作時需要保護雙腳的人都是穿木鞋的始祖。穿著木鞋走路及工作都很舒適，其堅固的構造也能防止受傷。此外，木鞋也能有效保持雙腳乾燥清爽。大部分的木鞋是由赤楊、樺木、梧桐、柳木或山毛櫸製成，人們通常會赤腳穿上，而鞋子內部會鋪上厚厚一層稻草以增加保護雙腳的緩衝功能。英國、比利時及法國皆曾使用過荷蘭式木鞋。瑞典的木鞋也很有名，但和荷蘭的樣式大不同。
　　
木鞋以往都是用較便宜的材質所製成，所以曾被視為低下階層的人才會穿的鞋，因而限制了木鞋的用途。然而，由於穿木鞋的人們太熱愛木鞋，後來又設計出『搭配裝扮』的木鞋。這表示人們會有一雙工作及平時穿的木鞋，另外還會有一雙則是在像慶典的社交活動上穿。直到 1910 年代，木鞋大多都還是手工製作的。
　　
穿木鞋的人漸漸喜歡上木鞋在石板路上所發出的聲響，發源自不列顛群島的木鞋舞因此被創造出來。舞者們使用不同的方式創造出對比鮮明的碰撞聲音，像是在木造平台上跳舞以及在木鞋底部加上金屬片等。木鞋舞在傳入北美後造就了踢踏舞的發明。荷蘭的傳統木鞋在當地十分受到觀光客的喜愛，而世界各地的園丁和農夫也仍舊穿著它們。

標準答案: 1. (E) 2. (H) 3. (G) 4. (B) 5. (D)　6. (A) 7. (I) 8. (F) 9. (J) 10. (C)

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